It is a mood disorder characterized by extreme shifts between manic (or hypomanic) episodes and depressive episodes. During mania, individuals experience elevated mood, increased energy, impulsivity, and reduced need for sleep, while depressive episodes involve sadness, fatigue, and loss of interest. The exact cause is unknown but involves genetic, neurological, and environmental factors.
Treatment includes medications and psychotherapy. Lifestyle modifications and regular follow-ups are essential for long-term management.
